Staghorn Calculus: A Comprehensive Review of Epidemiology, Clinical, Diagnosis and Treatment

Abstract

Staghorn calculus is a urological condition characterized by the presence of large, branching kidney stones in the renal collecting system. Although it is a relatively uncommon entity, its high recurrence rate and associated complications represent a significant clinical challenge. In this article, a comprehensive review of the epidemiology, clinical, diagnostic, and treatment of chorioriform lithiasis is performed. Risk factors, clinical manifestations and associated complications are discussed. In addition, the different diagnostic tools are described in detail, from clinical history and physical examination to urinalysis and imaging studies. Regarding treatment, therapeutic options such as antibiotic therapy, endourological techniques and correction of underlying metabolic disorders are discussed. The importance of long-term follow-up and regular monitoring to prevent recurrence and complications is emphasized. In conclusion, this article provides a comprehensive overview of chorioriform lithiasis, providing health care professionals with up-to-date guidance for the successful management of this complex urologic condition.