Integration of Formal Structure in Urban Centers

Abstract

1 ‫رﺷﯿﺪ‬ ‫ﻏﺎزي‬ ‫ﺧﻨﺴﺎء‬ .‫أ.م.د‬ Khansaa_rasheed@yahoo.com 1 ‫ﺳﻠﻤﺎن‬ ‫ﻛﺮﯾﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ‬ MKarchtm@yahoo.com 1-1 ‫ﺑﻐﺪاد‬-‫اﻟﻌﺮاق‬ /‫اﻟﻌﻤﺎرة‬ ‫ھﻨﺪﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﺴﻢ‬-‫اﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﺎﻣﻌﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺳﺗﺧﻠص‬ : ‫ﺗوﺳﻌ‬ ‫اﻟﯾوم‬ ‫ﻣدﻧﻧﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺷﻬد‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫وﻧﻣو‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻣﺗﺳﺎرﻋ‬ ً ‫ﺎ‬ ‫اﻻﺣﺗﺎﺎﺟﺎت‬ ‫ﻟﺗﻠﺑﺔﺔ‬ ‫وﺗﺣوﻻت‬ ، ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻫو‬ ‫اﻟﺗﺣوﻻت‬ ‫ﻫذﻩ‬ ‫اﻫم‬ ‫وﻣن‬ ‫ﺣول‬ ‫اء‬ ‫اﺟز‬ ‫اﻟﻣدﯾﻧﺔ‬ ‫وﺗوﺳﻊ‬ ‫ﻧﻣو‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫دﯾﻧﺎﻣﺔﺔﺔﺔ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ﺻﺻور‬ ‫ﺔﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﺿر‬ ‫اﻛز‬ ‫ﻣر‬ ‫اﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺳﻧﻧﺔﺔ‬ ‫اﺣﺎﺎء‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ، ‫ﯾﺟﻌﻠﻧﺎ‬ ‫وﻫذا‬ ‫ﻧﻘﻒ‬ ‫ﻣﻘوﻣﺎت‬ ‫وﺟود‬ ‫ﻋدم‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫اﻟﺣدﯾﺛﺔ‬ ‫اﻛز‬ ‫اﻟﻣر‬ ‫ﻫذﻩ‬ ‫ﺗﺷﻬدﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺷﺎﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫اﻟﺗﻲ‬ ‫اﻣﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻌو‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻟﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺗﻛﺎﻣﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺷﻠﻠﺔﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻧﺔﺔ‬ ‫ذﻟك‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺗؤﺛر‬ ، ‫ﻣن‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻬم‬ ‫اﻟﺟﺎﻧب‬ ‫ﻫذا‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺿوء‬ ‫ﻟﺳﺳﻠط‬ ‫اﻟﺣﺣث‬ ‫ﻫذا‬ ‫ﻓﺟﺎء‬ ‫اﺷ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺗﺣول‬ ‫ﺎل‬ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻣدن‬ .‫اﻧﻬﺎ‬ ‫وﻋﻣر‬ ‫اﻟﺣﺣث‬ ‫ﻓﺗﻧﺎول‬ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻒﻒ‬ ‫ﺗﻌر‬ ‫ﺔﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺣﺿر‬ ‫اﻛز‬ ‫ﺎﺎﻟﻣر‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻧﻣﺎطﻬﺎ‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻧﺷﺎﺋﻬﺎ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ﺿرور‬ ‫ﻣﻌر‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻋدة‬ ‫ﻟﺑﻧﺎء‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻫﻣت‬ ‫ﻓﺔﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺷﺧصص‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻘوﻣﺎت‬ ‫ﺣول‬ ‫اﻟرؤﺔﺔ‬ ‫وﺿوح‬ ‫اﻟرﺋﺳﺳﺔﺔ)ﻋدم‬ ‫اﻟﺣﺣث‬ ‫ﻣﺷﻠﻠﺔ‬ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﺗﻛﺎﻣﻠﺔﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺣﻘﯾ‬ ‫ﺑﻧﺔﺔ‬ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﺷﻠﻠﺔﺔ‬ (‫اﻟﺣﺿرﺔﺔ‬ ‫اﻛز‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻣر‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻘوﻣﺎت‬ ‫ﻫذﻩ‬ ‫ﺗﺣدﯾد‬ ‫ﻓﺎن‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺷﻠﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻫذﻩ‬ ‫ﻟﺣﻞ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻘﻘﺗﺿﻲ‬ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫اﻟﺗﺣوﻻت‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﺣﺣث‬ ‫ﺷﻠﻠﺔﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻬ‬ ،‫اﻛز‬ ‫اﻟﻣر‬ ‫ذﻩ‬ ‫اﻟﺷﻠﻠﺔﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻧﯾﺗﻬﺎ‬ ‫وﻣﻘوﻣﺎت‬ ‫ﺔﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺣﺿر‬ ‫اﻛز‬ ‫اﻟﻣر‬ ‫ﺣول‬ ‫وطروﺣﺎت‬ ‫اﺳﺎت‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻋدة‬ ‫اﻟﺣﺣث‬ ‫ﻓطرح‬ ‫ﻟﻬﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺗرﯾﯾب‬ ‫ﺎﺎت‬ ‫وﻧظر‬ ‫و‬ ، ‫و‬ ‫اﻟﻣرزز‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﺣدث‬ ‫اﻟﺗﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺗﺣوﻻت‬ ‫ذذﻟك‬ ‫أ‬ ‫و‬ ‫وﻣظﺎﻫرﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻌﻌﺎدﻫﺎ‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺎﺑﻬﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻠوﺻول‬ ‫اﻟﺣﺣث‬ ‫ﻫدف‬ ‫ﺗﺣﻘﯾ‬ ‫ﻹ‬ ‫)اﻟﺗوﺻﻞ‬ ‫ﺣول‬ ‫ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﻧظر‬ ‫طﺎر‬ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﺗﺣوﻻت‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺗظﻬر‬ ‫اﻟﺗﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺣﺿرﺔﺔ‬ ‫اﻛز‬ ‫اﻟﻣر‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺗﺄﺛﯾرﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺣدﯾد‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻘوﻣﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﺑﻧﺔﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻛﺎﻣﻠﺔﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺷﻠﻠﺔﺔ‬ ‫اﻛز‬ ‫اﻟﻣر‬ ‫ﻟﻬذﻩ‬ .(‫ﺗﻣﺛﻠت‬ ‫وذذﻟك‬)‫ب‬ ‫اﻟﺣﺣث‬ ‫ﻓرﺿﺔﺔ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺗﺣﻘ‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻟﻣرزز‬ ‫ذﻟك‬ ‫ﺑﺗﻔﻌﯾﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺣﺿر‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻣرزز‬ ‫اﻟﺷﻠﻠﺔﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺑﻧﺔﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻛﺎﻣﻠﺔﺔ‬ ‫أ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﯾزﺎﺎو‬ ‫اﻟﻬﻞﻞﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻧﺎﺻر‬ ‫ﺗﻧظمم‬ ‫ﻋﺎدة‬ (. ‫أ‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫اﻟوﺻﻔﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻧﻬﺞ‬ ‫اﻟﺣﺣث‬ ‫ﻋﺗﻣد‬ ‫ﻟﻣﻧﺎﻗﺷﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺣﻠﯾﻠﻲ‬ ‫أﻌﻌﺎد‬ ‫ﺣو‬ ‫وطروﺣﺎت‬ ‫اﺳﺎت‬ ‫در‬ ‫وﺗﻧﺎول‬ ‫اﻟﺣﺣﺛﺔﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺷﻠﻠﺔ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫وﻧﻧﺎء‬ ‫اﻻﺳﺎﺳﺔﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻔردات‬ ‫ﻻﺳﺗﺧﻼص‬ ‫ﺔﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺣﺿر‬ ‫اﻛز‬ ‫اﻟﻣر‬ ‫إ‬ ‫اﻟﺑﻧﺔﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻛﺎﻣﻠﺔﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺣﻘﯾ‬ ‫ﺣول‬ ‫ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﻧظر‬ ‫طﺎر‬ ، ‫ﺔﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺣﺿر‬ ‫اﻛز‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻣر‬ ‫اﻟﺷﻠﻠﺔﺔ‬ ‫اﻹ‬ ‫وﺗطﺑﯾ‬) ‫اﺳﺔ‬ ‫اﻟدر‬ ‫ﻣﻧطﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻧظر‬ ‫طﺎر‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻧﺻور‬ (‫ﺗﺷﻬدﻩ‬ ‫ﻟﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻫذﻩ‬ ‫ﺳرﻋ‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻧطﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺗﺳﺎرع‬ ‫اﻟﻧﻣو‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻟﺷﻠﻠﺔﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺗﺣوﻻت‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺄ‬ ‫ﻐﻐد‬ ‫ﻣدﯾﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺟدﯾد‬ ‫ﺣﺿر‬ ‫ﻣرزز‬ ‫ﻋﺗﺎﺎرﻫﺎ‬ ‫اد‬. ‫اﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺣﺣث‬ ‫ﺗوﺻﻞ‬ ‫وﻗد‬ ‫ﻋﻧﺎﺻر‬ ‫ﺗﻧظمم‬ ‫اﻋﺎدة‬ ‫ﺧﻼل‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫اﻟﺣﺿر‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻣرزز‬ ‫اﻟﺷﻠﻠﺔﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺑﻧﺔﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻛﺎﻣﻠﺔﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺗﺣﻘ‬ ‫اﻟوظﻔﻔﺔﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺣرﺔﺔﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻼﻧﻣﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺗدرج‬ ‫ﻣﻔﻬوم‬ ‫ﺑﺗﺣﻘﯾ‬ ‫ﺎﺎو‬ ‫اﻟﻔﯾز‬ ‫ﻫﻠﻠﻠﺔ‬ ‫وﻫذا‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺛﺎﺑﺗﺔ‬ ‫ﺣدود‬ ‫ﺗطﻠب‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻣر‬ ‫اﻟﺣﺿر‬ ‫ز‬ ‫وظﻔﻔ‬ ‫ﻣﺗﻛﯾﻒ‬ ‫ﺣﺿر‬ ‫وﻧﻣط‬ ‫ﻋﻠﯾﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺳططر‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ً ‫ﺷﻠﻠﺎﺎ‬ ‫وﻣﺗﻣﯾز‬. Abstract: Today, our cities are witnessing rapid expansion, growth and transformation to meet needs, The most important of these transformations is the transform of parts of residential neighborhoods into urban centers dynamically with the growth and expansion of the city, And this made us stand on the problems experienced by these modern urban centers of the absence of the elements of a structured structure integrated with them as well as the factors that affect this came this research to highlight this important aspect of urban development and urbanization. The research deal with the definition of urban centers , patterns and the need for its establishment , to build a knowledge base that contributed to the diagnosis of the main problem of research (Lack of clarity on the problems of determining the structures of an integrated structure for urban centers) and to solve this problem this research requires a number of studies and hypotheses about the urban centers, And its structure and morphology, as well as the transformations that occur in the urban centers of these cites, its dimensions, aspect, and its reasons to reach the goal of research (Achieving a comprehensive theoretical framework on the transformations of urban centers and their structural structure). Thus, the basic hypothesis of research) Integrity of the formal structure of the urban center is realized by activating the center and reorganization of elements of the physical structure). The research adopted a descriptive analytical approach to discuss the research problem by taking Studies and suggestions on urban centers to extract basic Meanings and Build a comprehensive theoretical framework on the integration of the formal structure of urban centers. And application of the theoretical framework to the study area (Al-Mutanabi district).it was selected for the rapid pace of formal transformation and accelerated growth as a new urban center in the city of Baghdad. The research has concluded that the formal structure of the urban center is achieved by rearranging the elements of the physiognomy structure by achieving the concept of gradation of functional motifs This requires constant a controlled boundaries of urban center and a functional adaptive urban pattern .