Unsafe at any sound: hearing loss and tinnitus in personal audio system users

Abstract

Personal audio systems (PAS) use is a major risk factor for noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL). PAS include a content device and earbuds or headphones for listening to personal audio without disturbing others. PAS are inherently unsafe because their design exposes users to high sound pressure levels. PAS users are at about 4-times greater risk of developing NIHL than non-users, with hearing loss reported in users as young as 9. The greatest risk is for personal listening >1 hour daily > 50% volume for >5 years. Nearly 50% of PAS users aged 12-35 listen at volume settings >50%, putting 1.1 billion young people worldwide at risk of auditory damage. PAS users have a higher risk of tinnitus and hidden hearing loss than non-users. Children and teenagers are at higher risk than adults from noise exposure during auditory system developmental periods. Hearing loss has a greater impact on young people than older adults because good hearing is vital for communication, socialization, education, and future vocational success. A harmonized global manufacturing standard is needed, specifying PAS sound output limits based on the non-occupational 70 dBA daily average noise exposure limit. Without regulated PAS sound limits, preventable NIHL and tinnitus will continue to increase.