Moving forward: Understanding correlates of physical activity and sedentary behaviour during covid-19—an integrative review and socioecological approach

Abstract

Population-level physical activity (PA) and sedentary time/behaviour estimates represent a significant public health issue exacerbated by restrictions enforced to control COVID-19. This integrative review interrogated available literature to explore the pandemic’s impact on correlates of such behaviours in adults (≥18 years). Five electronic databases were systematically searched in January 2021. Data extracted from 64 articles were assessed for risk-of-bias using the Mixed Methods Assessment Tool, with correlates identified, coded, and themed via thematic analysis. A socio-ecological model of during-pandemic PA was conceptualized and mapped to the Capability, Op-portunity, Motivation, and Behaviour (COM-B) model of behaviour change mechanisms, which il-lustrates influences over five levels: Individual (biological)—general health; Individual (psycholog-ical)—mental health, cognition, motivation, and behaviour; Social—domestic situation, sociodemo-graphic factors, support, and lifestyle choices; Environmental—resources and area of residence; and Policy—COVID-19-related rules. For sedentary time/behaviour, individual level factors, namely general and mental health, may be important correlates. Neither age or sex were clearly correlated with either behaviour. As we transition into a new normal, understanding which behaviour mechanisms could effectively challenge physical inactivity is essential. Targeting capability on a psychological level may facilitate PA and limit sedentary time/behaviour, whereas, on a physical level, maximizing PA opportunities could be crucial.