Differential pulse voltammetric electrochemical sensor for the detection of etidronic acid in pharmaceutical samples by using rgo-ag@sio2/au pcb

Abstract

An rGO-Ag@SiO2 nanocomposite-based electrochemical sensor was developed to detect etidronic acid (EA) using the differential pulse voltammetric (DPV) technique. Rapid self-assembly of the rGO-Ag@SiO2 nanocomposite was accomplished through probe sonication. The developed rGO-Ag@SiO2 nanocomposite was used as an electrochemical sensing platform by drop-casting on a gold (Au) printed circuit board (PCB). Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) confirmed the enhanced electrochemical active surface area (ECASA) and low charge transfer resistance (Rct ) of the rGO-Ag@SiO2 /Au PCB. The accelerated electron transfer and the high number of active sites on the rGO-Ag@SiO2/Au PCB resulted in the electrochemical detection of EA through the DPV technique with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.68 µM and a linear range of 2.0–200.0 µM. The constructed DPV sensor exhibited high selectivity toward EA, high reproducibility in terms of different Au PCBs, excellent repeatability, and long-term stability in storage at room temperature (25◦C). The real-time application of the rGO-Ag@SiO2/Au PCB for EA detection was investigated using EA-based pharmaceutical samples. Recovery percentages between 96.2% and 102.9% were obtained. The developed DPV sensor based on an rGO-Ag@SiO2 /Au PCB could be used to detect other electrochemically active species following optimization under certain conditions.