Blood glucose level and serum lipid profiles among people living with HIV on dolutegravir-based versus efavirenz-based cART; a comparative cross-sectional study

Abstract

Background: Antiretroviral therapy-linked metabolic abnormalities have become a growing concern among people living with HIV. There is limited data regarding the effects of dolutegravir-based treatment on blood glucose levels and serum lipid profiles in people living with HIV in Ethiopia. Thus, this study aimed to assess blood glucose levels and serum lipid profiles among people living with HIV on dolutegravir-based versus efavirenz-based therapy. Method and materials: An institutional-based comparative cross-sectional study was conducted from 30 June 2021 to 30 August 2021. A total of 128 participants (64 in the dolutegravir-based group and 64 in the efavirenz-based group) were enrolled in the study. The Chi-square, independent t-test, Mann–Whitney U-test, and logistic regression were used as appropriate statistical tests using SPSS Version 26.0 for this study. A p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Result: The prevalence of hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia were 17.2% (11/64) and 79.7% (51/64) in the dolutegravir group, and 9.4% (6/64) and 75% (48/64) in the efavirenz group, respectively. The efavirenz group had significantly higher mean values of total cholesterol (190.73 ± 44.13 vs. 175.27 ± 37.67 mg/dl, p = 0.035) and high-density lipoprotein (47.53 ± 14.25 vs. 40.92 ± 13.17 mg/dl, p = 0.007) than the dolutegravir group. For a Kg/m2 increase in BMI and for each month’s increase in the duration of HIV, the patients were 66% (AOR = 1.66, 95% CI: 1.13, 2.44), and 13% (AOR = 1.13, 95% CI: 1.03, 1.23) more likely to have hyperglycemia, respectively. In contrast, female patients were 3.04 times more likely to have dyslipidemia (AOR = 3.03, 95% CI: 1.14, 8.05) as compared to male patients, and with an increase in CD4 cell count of 1 cell/mm3, the odds of dyslipidemia increased by 0.3% (AOR = 1.003, 95% CI: 1.001, 1.006). Conclusion: Efavirenz-based therapy resulted in higher mean values of total cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein as compared with dolutegravir-based therapy. It is important to consider and evaluate high-density lipoprotein levels in HIV patients on dolutegravir-based therapy, and total cholesterol levels in people living with HIV on efavirenz-based therapy.