Hybrid perovskite films by a new variant of pulsed excimer laser deposition: A roomerature dry process

Abstract

A new variant of the classic pulsed laser deposition (PLD) process is introduced as a roomerature dry process for the growth and stoichiometry control of hybrid perovskite films through the use of nonstoichiometric single target ablation and off-axis growth. Mixed halide hybrid perovskite films nominally represented by CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3-x A x (A = Cl or F) are also grown and are shown to reveal interesting trends in the optical properties and photoresponse. Growth of good quality lead-free CH 3 NH 3 SnI 3 films is also demonstrated, and the corresponding optical properties are presented. Finally, perovskite solar cells fabricated at room temperature (which makes the process adaptable to flexible substrates) are shown to yield a conversion efficiency of about 7.7%.