Vaccination coverage and factors associated with incomplete polio vaccine schedule in children born in 2017-2018, in state capitals and interior region municipalities of Northeast Brazil

Abstract

ABSTRACT Objective To analyse vaccination coverage and factors associated with incomplete polio vaccination in a cohort of children born in 2017-2018, in state capitals and interior region municipalities of Northeast Brazil. Methods Household survey of children aged ≤24 months conducted between 2020 and 2022. Vaccination coverage and dropout rates were estimated, as well as factors associated with incomplete vaccination, analyzed by calculating odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). Results : Among 12,137 children, vaccination coverage (4 doses) was 80.9% (95%CI 78.4;83.1); 8.4% were not vaccinated. Not having a vaccination card (OR=18.06; 95%CI 10.01;32.61) and use of private services (OR=1.46; 95%CI 1.23;1.74) were associated with incomplete vaccination. Higher dropout rates were found for the booster dose, especially in the highest stratum. Conclusion Low vaccination coverage, poor dose follow-up and high dropout rates were found for polio vaccines in the areas studied.resumen está disponible en el texto completoRESUMO Objetivo Analisar a cobertura vacinal e os fatores associados ao esquema incompleto das vacinas contra a poliomielite em coorte de nascidos vivos de 2017-2018, em capitais e municípios do interior do Nordeste brasileiro. Métodos Inquérito domiciliar em crianças com idade ≤ 24 meses, entre 2020 e 2022. Estimaram-se a cobertura vacinal, a taxa de abandono e fatores associados ao esquema de vacinação incompleto, analisados pela razão de chances (odds ratio, OR) e intervalos de confiança de 95% (IC95%). Resultados Em 12.137 crianças, a cobertura vacinal (quatro doses) foi de 80,9% (IC95% 78,4;83,1); 8,4% não eram vacinadas. Não possuir caderneta de vacinação (OR = 14,05; IC95% 8,54;23,12) e uso de serviço privado (OR = 1,46; IC95% 1,23;1,74) estiveram associados à vacinação incompleta. Taxas de abandono mais altas foram observadas na dose de reforço, principalmente no estrato alto. Conclusão Observaram-se baixas coberturas, redução no seguimento das doses e elevadas taxas de abandono para vacinas contra a poliomielite nas áreas estudadas.