Associations of Lipoprotein(a) Level with Cerebral Small Vessel Disease in Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease

Abstract

Background: This study aimed to examine the association of lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] level with the burden of cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) in patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Methods: Data from 111 consecutive patients with AD admitted to Nanjing First Hospital from 2015 to 2022 were retrospectively analyzed in this study. Serum Lp(a) concentrations were grouped into tertiles (T1–T3). Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was rated for the presence of CSVD, including enlarged perivascular spaces (EPVS), lacunes, white-matter lesions, and cerebral microbleeds (CMBs). The CSVD burden was calculated by summing the scores of each MRI marker at baseline. A binary or ordinal logistic regression model was used to estimate the relationship of serum Lp(a) levels with CSVD burden and each MRI marker. Results: Patients with higher tertiles of Lp(a) levels were less likely to have any CSVD (T1, 94.6%; T2, 78.4%; T3, 66.2%; p = 0.013). Multivariable analysis found that Lp(a) levels were inversely associated with the presence of CSVD (T2 vs. T1: adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.132, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.018–0.946, p = 0.044; T3 vs. T1: aOR 0.109, 95% CI 0.016–0.737, p = 0.023) and CSVD burden (T3 vs. T1: aOR 0.576, 95% CI 0.362–0.915, p = 0.019). The independent relationship between Lp(a) levels and individual CSVD features was significant for moderate-to-severe EPVS in the centrum semiovale (T2 vs. T1: aOR 0.059, 95% CI 0.006–0.542, p = 0.012; T3 vs. T1: aOR 0.029, 95% CI 0.003–0.273, p = 0.002) and CMBs (T3 vs. T1: aOR 0.144, 95% CI 0.029–0.716, p = 0.018). Conclusions: In this study, serum Lp(a) level was inversely associated with CSVD in AD patients.