Propuesta de un programa de entrenamiento propioceptivo en fútbol para prevenir lesiones deportivas: revisión narrativa

Abstract

Introducción: la propiocepción es importante para el rendimiento deportivo, especialmente en los movimientos y gestos que requieren un mayor nivel de estabilidad y de coordinación. Objetivo: diseñar un programa de entrenamiento de ejercicios propioceptivos para la prevención de lesiones en futbolistas. Método: búsqueda realizada en las bases de datos PubMed, SportDiscus, Google Scholar y PEDro entre 2011 y 2024. Los descriptores de búsqueda fueron “propioceptive training”, “sports injuries”, “prevention program” y “soccer”. Se analizaron 14 artículos que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión. Resultados: elaboración de un programa de entrenamiento propioceptivo en fútbol. Contiene 4 circuitos, cada uno con 7 ejercicios, para ser aplicados por 3 meses; incluye la dosificación y la progresión de ejercicios por niveles. Conclusión: se espera que el programa de entrenamiento de propiocepción en fútbol genere adherencia, mejore la fuerza, el balance, la estabilidad, el rendimiento del deportista y la reducción de lesiones deportivas en fútbol. Introduction: proprioception is important for sports performance, especially in movements and gestures that require a higher level of stability and coordination. Objective: to design a training program of proprioceptive exercises for the prevention of injuries in soccer players. Method: search carried out in the PubMed, SportDiscus, Google Scholar and PEDro databases between 2011 and 2024. The search descriptors were “propioceptive training”, “sports injuries”, “prevention program” and “soccer”. 14 articles that met the inclusion criteria were analyzed. Results: development of a proprioceptive training program in soccer. It contains 4 circuits, each with 7 exercises, to be applied for 3 months; includes the dosage and the progression of exercises by levels. Conclusion: the proprioception training program in soccer is expected to generate adherence, improve strength, balance, stability, athlete performance and reduce sports injuries in soccer.Introduction: proprioception is important for sports performance, especially in movements and gestures that require a higher level of stability and coordination. Objective: to design a training program of proprioceptive exercises for the prevention of injuries in soccer players. Method: search carried out in the PubMed, SportDiscus, Google Scholar and PEDro databases between 2011 and 2024. The search descriptors were “propioceptive training”, “sports injuries”, “prevention program” and “soccer”. 14 articles that met the inclusion criteria were analyzed. Results: development of a proprioceptive training program in soccer. It contains 4 circuits, each with 7 exercises, to be applied for 3 months; includes the dosage and the progression of exercises by levels. Conclusion: the proprioception training program in soccer is expected to generate adherence, improve strength, balance, stability, athlete performance and reduce sports injuries in soccer.