Brazil and Turkey as middle and regional powers: a comparative analysis of their limitations and scope

Abstract

With the end of the Cold War, emerging powers such as Brazil, China, India, Russia and Turkey have struggled to assert a voice in so-called global governance. As a result, the international system, although still marked by US hegemony, seems to be changing. In fact, since the early 2000s, Brazil and Turkey have increased their participation in global governance, to the point of achieving some legitimacy as middle or regional powers. In order to establish the regional and global scope of these two emerging powers, this article addresses the questions about what factors account for the projection of Brazil and Turkey as middle powers and how their foreign policy trajectories differ.