Reading Literacy and Learning Strategies in First Language Learning: A Multilevel Approach

Abstract

This study documents an investigation of multilevel data from the 2009 Program for International Student Assessment to examine the reading literacy of 5,944 15-year-old students in Jordanian schools. A multilevel model was employed to examine the factors linked to students’ reading literacy from both students’ and schools’ levels. At students’ level, the study revealed that metacognition, elaboration, memorization, structuring, and scaffolding strategies were significant predictors of students’ reading literacy. At schools’ level, the study showed that school type, extracurricular activities, and teachers’ behaviour were significant predictors of students’ reading literacy. Practical implications and recommendations to research community at local and international levels are provided in this study.