Suppressing the Thermal SZ-induced Variance in CMB-cluster Lensing Estimators

Abstract

Accurate galaxy cluster mass measurements from the gravitational lensing of the cosmic microwave background temperature maps depend on mitigating potential biases from the cluster’s own thermal Sunyaev–Zel’dovich (SZ) effect signal. Quadratic lensing estimators use a pair of maps to extract the lensing signal: a large-scale gradient map and a small-scale lensing map. The SZ bias can be eliminated by using an SZ-free map in the pair, with the gradient map being favored for signal-to-noise reasons. However, while this approach eliminates the bias, the SZ power in small-scale lensing map adds extra variance that can become significant for high-mass clusters and low-noise surveys. In this work, we propose projecting out an SZ template to reduce the SZ variance. Any residual SZ signal after template fitting is uncorrelated with the SZ-free gradient map, and thus does not bias the mass measurements. For massive clusters above observed by the upcoming CMB-S4 and Simons Observatory experiments, we find that the template fitting approach would increase the cluster lensing signal-to-noise by a factor of 1.4.