Role of trace elements in animals: A review

Abstract

Trace elements, though required in minute quantities (less than 100 mg/kg dry matter), are essential for maintaining health and immunity. They are involved in growth, production and reproduction. Trace elements act as cofactors of enzymes which are important to the immunity of animal. Superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, thioredoxin reductase, ceruloplasmin and catalase are important enzymes that have trace elements as cofactors. These enzymes act as antioxidants and prevent oxidative stress by neutralizing oxidants produced under different stresses. Besides, trace elements contribute to general health of animal thereby enhancing disease resistance. Trace elements are important for proper functioning of a number of enzymes and proteins which are involved in many physiological, biochemical and metabolic processes that contribute to growth and production. Overall, trace elements improve immune competence and productive performance. © The authors.