Takotsubo cardiomyopathy in a 12-year-old boy caused by acute brainstem bleeding-a case report

Abstract

Takotsubo cardiomyopathy is characterized by acute and reversible severe left ventricular dysfunction due to intensive emotional or physical stress followed by catecholamine excess. Traditionally it is most common in postmenopausal women, whereas only few cases have been described in childhood. In our case a previously well 12-year-old boy presented with severe cardiogenic shock due to dramatically impaired left ventricular function requiring significant inotropic support and invasive mechanical ventilation. Interestingly, cardiac catheterization, myocardial tissue histology and biochemical laboratory tests did not yield a definitive diagnosis. As his cardiac function improved gradually within several days and deep sedation could be weaned, he was then found to suffer from hemiparesis and absence of protective airway reflexes on neurological examination during the weaning process. Subsequent brain imaging studies revealed a brainstem bleeding due to a fistulous arteriovenous malformation (AVM) appearing to be only a few days old. After endovascular coiling and subsequent microsurgical resection of the malformation, he recovered completely. Our present case demonstrated, that brainstem bleeding could precipitate Takotsubo cardiomyopathy manifesting hemodynamic collapse. Severe ventricular impairment has been described in many adults with subarachnoid hemorrhage; however, this condition is extremely rare among children. When severe cardiogenic shock is diagnosed, precipitating factors such as intracranial processes should be ruled out on a regular basis.