Space, time and structures of motion theories

Abstract

Considering a conceptualization and a definition of time and space, constitutive elements of a mechanical program, that is, of a motion theory, are identified. Historic elements regarding measurement and geometric aspects of time and space are described. The analysis of mechanical theories is carried out by considering a definition for inertial points and fields. As an application of this approach, the relativistic and the non-relativistic mechanics are analysed, emphasizing the nature of time. As another example, the relativistic kinetic theory is studied as a field theory. Pedagogical aspects regarding a didactic transposition of concepts are presented, in particular with the formalism for the kinetic theory.