Multidirectional instability of the shoulder: surgical techniques and clinical outcome

Abstract

• Multidirectional instability of the shoulder has a complex pathoanatomy. It is characterized by a redundant glenohumeral capsule and increased joint volume. • Subtle clinical presentation, unclear trauma history and multifactorial etiology poseses a great challenge for orthopedic surgeons in terms of diagnosis. • Generally accepted therapeutic approach is conservative and the majority of patients achieve good results with rehabilitation. • In patients who are symptomatic despite appropriate rehabilitation, surgical intervention may be considered. • Good results have been obtained with open inferior capsular surgery, which has historically been performed in these patients. • In recent years, advanced arthroscopic techniques have taken place in this field, and similar results compared to open surgery have been obtained with the less-invasive arthroscopic capsular plication procedure.