Associations of Current Cigarette, E-Cigarette, and Cannabis Use with Xerostomia

Abstract

Objectives: This investigation aimed to examine the associations between xerostomia and the use of cigarettes, e-cigarettes, and cannabis in a nationally representative cross-sectional sample of adults. Methods: Data from the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study included N = 29,721 United States adults (age ≥18 y) surveyed during 2022 to 2023 about xerostomia (experiencing dry mouth “frequently” or “always”) and their use of 9 types of tobacco products and cannabis. Survey-weighted multivariable regression models estimated the associations of xerostomia with various specifications of cigarette, e-cigarette, and cannabis use, adjusted for sociodemographic and health status variables. Results: Overall, 9.7% of participants experienced xerostomia. In adjusted models, past 30-d use of cigarettes, e-cigarettes, and cannabis were each associated with greater odds of xerostomia. The daily use of cigarettes (adjusted odds ratio: 1.7; 95% confidence interval: 1.4, 2.0), e-cigarettes (1.8; 1.5, 2.2), and cannabis (2.1; 1.7, 2.7) was also associated with greater odds of xerostomia. The greatest odds of xerostomia was associated with the use of all 3 products in combination within the past 30 d (3.8; 2.8, 5.2). Conclusions: The use of cigarettes, e-cigarettes, or cannabis, particularly when used together, is associated with a greater occurrence of oral dryness among adults. Among other adverse health effects of these products, potential xerostomia risk may encourage cessation, contribute to dental patient advising, and inform appropriate tobacco and cannabis regulations and policies. Knowledge Transfer Statement: Based on the findings of this study, dental professionals and patients should anticipate a higher prevalence of xerostomia among adults who use cigarettes, e-cigarettes, and/or cannabis. Dental professionals should incorporate this information into xerostomia management, treatment planning, and the guidance and cessation support provided to patients who use these products. Potential adverse oral health effects should be considered in tobacco and cannabis policies and regulations.