Epidemiology of diabetes mellitus in Russian Federation: Clinical and statistical report according to the federal diabetes registry

Abstract

Aim. To analyse the main epidemiological characteristics of diabetes mellitus (DM) in Russian Federation (RF) (prevalence, incidence, mortality and mean life span), the degree of diabetes control and the prevalence of diabetic complications (retinopathy, nephropathy, diabetic foot syndrome and macrovascular pathology) according to the federal DM registry. Materials and methods. The database of federal DM registry of 79 regions was included in the online system until 31.12.2016. Results. The total number of patients with DM in RF on 31.12.2016 was 4.348 million (2.97% of the population), comprising 4 million patients with DM2 (92%), 255 thousand with DM1 (6%) and 75 thousand with other types of DM (2%). The DM prevalence/100 thousand population was as follows: DM1, 164.19/100; DM2, 2637.17/100 and other types of DM, 50.62/100. The incidence/100 thousand population was as follows: DM1, 16.15/100; DM2, 154.9/100 and other types of DM, 8.65/100. Mortality/100 thousand population was as follows: DM1, 2.1/100; DM2, 60.29/100 and other types of DM, 0.57/100. Mortality decreased in patients with DM1 by 6.6% and in those with DM2 by 3.6%. Mean life span in patients with DM1 was as follows: men, 50.3 years and women, 58.5 years. Mean life span in patients with DM2 was as follows: men, 70.1 years and women, 75.5 years. HbA1c levels in DM1 was <7% in 33.4% of the patients, 7%-7.9% in 28.3% of the patients, 8%-8.9% in 16.2% of the patients and ≥9.0% in 22.1% of the patients. HbA1c levels in DM2 was <7% in 52.1% of the patients, 7%-7.9% in 29.1% of the patients, 8%-8.9% in 10% of the patients and ≥9.0% in 8.7% of the patients. Conclusions. This study evaluated the increase in DM prevalence in RF in 2016 and in the dynamics of 2013-2016, which was mainly due to DM2. An increase in patients with target HbA1c level <7% and a decrease in the proportion of patients with severe uncontrolled DM were observed; however, the treatment effectiveness of this key indicator was unsatisfactory, i.e. less than a third of the patients with DM. In the dynamics of 2013-2016, an increase in mean life span for patients with DM2 and mortality reduction in patients with either DM types was observed. The frequency of diabetic complications varied widely, which may reflect differences in the quality of specialised care in different regions.