Reduction of Premature Aging Markers After Gastric Bypass Surgery in Morbidly Obese Patients

Abstract

Background: Obesity is considered to be a major comorbidity. Obese patients suffer from an increased proinflammatory state associated with a premature aging phenotype including increased secretion of senescence-associated secretory proteins (SASP) and reduced telomere length. Micro-ribonucleic acids (miRNAs) are non-coding RNA molecules that could modify the post-transcriptional process. Several studies have reported associations between miRNAs and metabolic unhealthy conditions. Aim: To determine if bariatric surgery and the resulting weight loss could reverse the premature aging phenotype. Methods: We enrolled 58 morbidly obese patients undergoing bariatric surgery. Markers of premature aging including the SASP IL-6, CRP and PAI-1, 7 miRNAs, as well as telomere length and telomere oxidation in mononuclear cells were evaluated. Results: Patients showed a significant drop of body mass index (BMI; 43.98 ± 3.5 versus 28.02 ± 4.1, p < 0.001). We observed a significant reduction in SASP including a reduction of 55% of plasma IL-6 levels (p = 0 < 0.001), 83% of CRP levels (p = 0.001) and 15% of plasma PAI-1 levels (p < 0.001). Telomere length doubled in the patient cohort (p < 0.001) and was accompanied by a reduction in the telomere oxidation index by 70% (p < 0.001). Telomere length was inversely correlated with telomere oxidation. The aging-associated miRNA miR10a_5p was upregulated significantly (p = 0.039), while the other tested miRNAs showed no difference. Conclusion: Our data indicate a significant reduction of the proinflammatory SASP after bariatric surgery. We observed an increase in telomere length and reduced oxidative stress at telomeres. miR10a_5p which is downregulated during aging was upregulated after surgery. Overall, bariatric surgery ameliorated the premature aging phenotype.