Metodologia para a polinização controlada em Ilex paraguariensis A. St. Hil. - Aquifoliaceae

Abstract

Mate (Ilex paraguariensis A. S. Hil.) is an economically important Brazilian native species. Mate genetic improvement programs have been established basically aiming biomass productivity and product quality. Controlled pollination allows to combine desirable characteristics for this species. Thus, adequate controlled pollination techniques must be made available. This work aimed to develop a methodology for controlled pollination in mate. For that purpose, a 15 years old clonal test was used at Embrapa Florestas-Colombo-PR with nine treatments applied on three flowering trees (replications). Flowers were pollinated in November 2010 and the fruits were collected in March 2011. Fruits and seeds produced were quantified and embryos viability was evaluated throughout tetrazolium test. Data analysis was made based on the GLM procedure of the R program. Higher production of fruits and seeds was showed in controlled pollination when compared to open pollination. It can be concluded that controlled pollination after the anthesis of this species must be lead in two consecutive days to ensure a good seed production for mate.