Pengaruh Status Gizi Ibu Hamil dan Status Sosial Ekonomi Terhadap Panjang Badan Lahir Bayi dan Kejadian Stunting di Kabupaten Langkat Sumatera Utara

Abstract

Latar Belakang: Indonesia saat ini masih menghadapi permasalahan gizi yang berdampak serius terhadap kualitas sumber daya manusia yaitu stunting . Stunting pada anak menunjukkan kondisi gagal tumbuh pada anak akibat kekurangan gizi kronis sejak bayi dalam kandungan hingga usia dua tahun. Tujuan: Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh status gizi ibu hamil, status sosial ekonomi terhadap panjang badan lahir dan kejadian stunting di Kabupaten Langkat Sumatera Utara tahun 2019. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian analitik observasional dengan pendekatan waktu retrospektif. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah anak balita usia 12-59 bulan di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Secanggang, Kabupaten Langkat pada tahun 2019. Jumlah sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah 30 anak yang mengalami stunting dan 30 yang tidak mengalami stunting. Teknik sampling yang digunakan adalah purposive sampling. Uji statistik Regresi Logistik Ganda. Hasil: Ada pengaruh status gizi ibu hamil terhadap stunting (OR=0,23; 95%CI=0,069-0,774; p=0,018), sedangkan status sosial orang tua tidak signifikan terhadap stunting dengan (OR=0,86;, 95%CI=0,378-1,989; p=0,736). Pada status gizi ibu hamil terhadap panjang badan bayi (OR=1,149; 95%CI=0,282-4,673; p=0,847) dan status sosial ekonomi terhadap panjang badan bayi dengan (OR=0,396 , 95%CI=0,116-1,349; p= 0,138). Kesimpulan: Ada pengaruh status gizi ibu hamil terhadap kejadian stunting, sehingga ibu hamil harus memperhatikan status gizinya selama hamil. Kata kunci : stunting, panjang badan lahir, status gizi ibu hamil, status sosial ekonomi Abstract Background: Indonesia is currently still facing nutritional problems that have a serious impact on the quality of human resources, namely stunting. Stunting in children shows the condition of failure to grow in children due to chronic malnutrition from the baby in the womb until the age of two years. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the nutritional status of pregnant women, socioeconomic status on the birth length, and the incidence of stunting in Langkat District, North Sumatra in 2019. Method: This research was an observational analytic study with a retrospective. The sample in this study was children aged 12-59 months in the Secanggang Health Center, Langkat. The number of samples in this study was 30 children who stunting and 30 who did not stunt. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling. Statistical test for Multiple Logistic Regression. Results: There was an effect of nutritional status of pregnant women on stunting (OR = 0.23; 95% CI = 0.069-0.774; p = 0.018), while the social status of parents was not significant to stunting with (OR = 0.86; 95% CI = 0.378-1.989; p = 0.736). On the nutritional status of pregnant women for the length of the baby (OR = 1.149; 95% CI = 0.282-4.673; p = 0.847) and socioeconomic status for the length of the baby with (OR = 0.396, 95% CI = 0.116-1.349; p = 0.138). Conclusion: There is an influence of the status of nutritional pregnant women on the incidence of stunting, so pregnant women must pay attention to the nutritional status during pregnancy. Keywords : stunting, body length of birth, nutritional status of pregnant women, socioeconomic status