Analysis of the major Alternaria toxins

Abstract

Some physical and chemical properties of 40 secondary metabolites produced by Alternaria are tabulated along with literature references. Analytical methodology for three of the several classes of these potential toxins is reviewed in depth, because compounds in these classes are produced in relatively large amounts by many Alternaria and/or apparently very toxic or mutagenic. Tenuazonic acid, alternariol and alternariol monomethyl ether represent the major toxins in terms of both quantity produced and toxicity. The altertoxins, although produced in very small amounts, are included because of their apparent toxicity/mutagenicity. Published methods used to isolate and purify or analyze these important toxins are grouped for comparison according to similarities in extraction, isolation and analysis. Methods used for quantitative analysis are separated from those used primarily for preparation and purification. Published detection limits and recoveries are compared. Analytical needs and prospects are discussed.