Efficacy of Vaccination with the DIVENCE® Vaccine Against Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus Types 1 and 2 in Terms of Fetal Protection

Abstract

Purpose: To demonstrate the efficacy of DIVENCE ® , a vaccine against BVDV types 1 and 2 (BVDV-1 and BVDV-2) transplacental infection, following a booster regimen in heifers. Materials and Methods: Calves of two-to-three months of age were given two intramuscular doses three weeks apart and a booster vaccine six months later. Efficacy was evaluated by means of a challenge with virulent BVDV-1 or BVDV-2 administered via the intranasal route at 85 days of gestation. Clinical signs, serology, viral shedding, WBC count and viremia were monitored after the challenge. Sixty-six days post-challenge, the fetuses were assessed for BVDV to detect transplacental infection. Results: Vaccinated animals showed a significant (p < 0.05) reduction in hyperthermia after both challenges. The WBC counts in vaccinated animals were significantly (p < 0.05) higher than in control animals on Days 5 and 6 after both challenges. Vaccinated animals exhibited no shedding after BVDV-1 challenge and the percentage of shedding animals was significantly (p < 0.05) higher among control animals compared to vaccinated animals after BVDV-2 challenge. Viremia were detected in pregnant heifers from all control animals, while only 3/14 and 3/17 pregnant vaccinated heifers showed viremia after BVDV-1 and BVDV-2 challenges, respectively. All the fetuses (n=8) from the control animals were positive for BVDV-1 via virus titration after BVDV-1 challenge. Only one out of fourteen fetuses from the vaccinated animals was positive for BVDV-1. After BVDV-2 challenge, all the control animals had BVDV-2 in all fetal tissues assessed and only one of the seventeen vaccinated animals had BVDV-2 in its fetal samples. Conclusion: DIVENCE ® administered prior to breeding protected 94% of the fetuses against BVDV transplacental infection overall across both challenge trials (BVDV-1 and BVDV-2). A reduction in the hyperthermia, leukopenia, viral shedding, and viremia in vaccinated animals post-challenge with BVDV-1 and BVDV-2 was achieved. The efficacy of DIVENCE ® against BVDV-1 and BVDV-2 transplacental infection has been demonstrated in this study.