Clarifying the origin of Houzao

Abstract

Background: Houzao (bezoar) is a valuable imported Chinese medicine that is commonly used as a pediatric medicine to transform phlegm. There are mainly two types of Houzao, "Southeast Asian Houzao" and "Indian Houzao". "Indian Houzao" is the dominant commercial product accounts for over 95% of the actual utilization in the market. However, its origin, formation, composition, efficacy and pharmacology remain unclear. Therefore, we have conducted on-site investigation to clarify the origin of Indian Houzao. We have dissected one male and one female domestic Indian goats in the pastoral areas of Telangana province in south-central India. Our results show: 1. Indian Houzao originates from Indian goats rather than from macaques; it comes from goats and not sheep, and is not limited to female goats. Conclusion: Our study has clarified the origin of Indian Houzao, which can help to further develop Indian Houzao for the treatment of diseases.