Ergonomic Interventions and Their Effects on Worker Performance: A Systematic Review

Abstract

Despite robust evidence on the benefits of ergonomic interventions, their absence or suboptimal implementation in many workplaces continues to compromise workers’ health and organizational productivity, with musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) accounting for a substantial share of occupational health and safety problems. There is a need for a consolidated synthesis of how ergonomic interventions have evolved over time and how effectively they improve work performance. A systematic review was conducted of empirical studies published between 2001 and 2025 that evaluated ergonomic interventions and reported work performance outcomes. A comprehensive search was carried out in multiple scientific databases. Studies were included if they assessed workplace ergonomic interventions and provided quantitative or qualitative data on work performance indicators, including physical, biomechanical, and productivity-related outcomes. The evidence shows a shift from purely physical ergonomic approaches to multicomponent strategies that integrate technological and psychosocial elements. Consistent improvements were observed in physical and biomechanical indicators, including significant reductions in muscle activity and musculoskeletal pain. These changes were accompanied by modest but recurrent increases in productivity (approximately 2–3%). Critical implementation factors included worker participation, regular supervision, and continuous monitoring. Multicomponent interventions that combined physical ergonomic modifications, educational and behavioral components, technological support, and active involvement of workers tended to be more effective than single-component programs. Ergonomic interventions have evolved toward more sophisticated and personalized approaches that address both physical and psychosocial determinants of work. Their successful implementation, however, requires sustained organizational commitment and a systematic approach. This review synthesizes ergonomic intervention strategies over a 24-year period (2001–2025), outlines a structured approach to evaluating multicomponent ergonomic interventions, including in hybrid work settings, and summarizes evidence-based recommendations for implementing sustainable ergonomic programs across diverse organizational contexts. Keywords: Ergonomics; Ergonomic interventions; Work performance; Musculoskeletal disorders; Occupational health; Organizational productivity.