The use of Cannabis sativa L. cannabinoids in the treatment of epilepsy: a narrative review

Abstract

The use of Cannabis sativa for medicinal purposes is a very controversial subject in Brazil, so it is necessary to delve deeper into the theme to elucidate the main questions and possible benefits. Epilepsy is a disease that causes neurological changes, such as epileptic seizures, dysphagia and convulsions. It can lead to cognitive and psychological damage and comorbidities, worsening the patient's quality of life. In this study an integrative review was carried out about the different types of C. sativa cannabinoids and their use for treating epilepsy. The data were obtained from research articles published in periodicals between 1963 and 2020. Special attention was given to different metabolites, such as cannabidiol (CBD). General aspects of epilepsy, phytocannabinoid use in refractory cases and clinical and pre-clinical trials were addressed in this review, emphasizing their biological effects. As a future target for treating epilepsy, the therapeutic use of CBD in neurology shows promising results in cases where the conventional medication has no effect. A contribution of research on other phytocannabinoids and their interrelationship is essential to advance the treatment of epilepsy and other pathologies.