Association of health and lifestyle factors with uterine fibroids among Saudi women: A case–control study

Abstract

Objectives: The objective of this study was to measure the association between uterine fibroids (UFs) and several risk factors (parity, miscarriage, diabetes, hypertension, physical activity, smoking, family history of UF and contraceptive pill use) among Saudi women. Methods: A case–control study was conducted in 478 women at two medical centers in Riyadh. Cases were confirmed by ultrasound. Demographic and risk factor information was collected from interviews and medical records. The prevalence of risk factors was calculated with 95% confidence interval (CI). Unconditional logistic regression analysis was used to measure the associations between UFs and the risk factors. Results: More than half the participants were obese. The average body mass index (BMI) was 31.2 (±6.81) for cases and 29.4 (±7.02) for controls. Women 40 years or older had four times the odds of UFs than women younger than 40 years (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 4.24, 95% CI = 2.63, 6.85). Having a family history of UFs was associated with 69% greater odds of UFs (AOR = 1.69, 95% CI = 1.02, 2.81). Being obese was associated with 74% greater odds of UFs (AOR = 1.74, 95% CI = 1.00, 2.59), whereas previous live births decreased the odds of UFs by 62% (AOR = 0.38, 95% CI = 0.19, 0.75). Conclusions: This study identified risk factors associated with UFs in the Saudi population. Age over 40 years, obesity and a family history of UFs are important risk factors for UF, whereas parity appears to be protective against UF development in Saudi women. Early recognition of these risk factors is important to prevent UF complications.