David birnie: A dutch private investor and agent of social change for society at Bondowoso East Java, Indonesia in the colonial era

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to analyze the social changes that occurred in society as a result of the economic system of commercial agriculture (commercial agriculture) introduced by David Birnie. David Birnie is a private Dutch who got erfpacht rights (right to rent) from the Dutch colonial government in 1894 in the Ijen highland regency. The context of time in this study was 1931; and it was to detect social changes that occurred in a community at Bondowoso. This study was dissected using social change theory formulated by the historical method. This study revealed that there has been a social change in society as a result of their coffee plantation at Bondowoso that was founded by David Birnie. Coffee plantation that was owned by David Birnie was able to bring social change for Bondowoso's society. The social change was like changes in the social structure, the structure of power, lifestyle of society at plantation, and the emergence of vacancy in the form of media exhibition.