Effects of Dihydroergotamine and Etilefrine on Experimentally-Induced Postural Hypotension in Dogs

Abstract

The effects of dihydroergotamine and etilefrine on experimentally-induced postural hypotension were examined. Although dihydroergotamine at 3 and 10 μg/kg (i.v.) increased blood pressure (BP), it did not affect cardiac output (CO). However, dihydroergotamine at 10 μ/kg reduced the decrease in CO induced by the tilt. Therefore, it is suggested that the increase in BP is induced by the contraction of resistance vessels, and that the inhibition of the decrease in CO due to tilt is induced by the contraction of capacitance vessels. Etilefrine at 0.1 mg/kg (i.v.) increased BP and heart rate (HR), however it did not attenuate the decrease in BP induced by the tilt. Although it tended to increase CO, it did not attenuate the decrease in CO. It is suggested that the increase in BP is due to the contraction of resistance vessels, and to the increase in cardiac contractile force and HR. In this study, dihydroergotamine and etilefrine did not attenuate the decrease in BP due to tilt, though dihydroergotamine inhibited the decrease in CO due to tilt. As an explanation, it is suggested that dihydroergotamine induces contraction of resistance vessels as well as capacitance vessels, however the effects of the drug on resistance vessels is weak, and that etilefrine has little or no effect on capacitance vessels. In our previous study, midodrine, an alpha-1 agonist, attenuated the decreases in BP and CO due to tilt, and it has been suggested that the inhibition was induced by the contraction of capacitance vessels. Therefore, dihydroergotamine, etilefrine and midodrine show different pahrmacological profiles in experimentally-induced postural hypotension. © 1990, The Pharmaceutical Society of Japan. All rights reserved.