Ground movement risk analysis of slope with expansive soil for sustainable infrastructure development

Abstract

Analyzing soil susceptibility to subsidence hazards is crucial in designing sustainable infrastructure. This analysis can help determine ground movement behavior and soil characteristics, allowing for an effective and efficient infrastructure design to reduce disaster risk. Soil samples from the study site were subjected to laboratory analysis to determine the physics and mechanics of soil properties such as cohesion and shear strength. The properties test classified the soil as highly expansive, with a Plasticity Index (PI) of 35.3% and an activity value of 1.31, indicating a high montmorillonite content, classifying it as active soil. This characteristic makes the soil prone to significant volume changes with moisture content fluctuations, leading to potential ground movement. The Plaxis2D software was employed to model soil deformation and assess slope stability under saturated and unsaturated conditions. The study revealed that the slope deformed significantly in wet conditions without reinforcement, with a Safety Factor (SF) below 1.1, indicating a high risk of collapse. Expansive clays, primarily composed of montmorillonite, expand and contract with changes in moisture content, which can be triggered by rainfall or rising groundwater levels. This shrink-swell behavior can result in deformations that damage building structures, such as wall and foundation cracks, uneven floors, and even the risk of collapse, posing threats to the safety and comfort of occupants. However, installing geotextiles improved the SF from 1.058 to 1.11 in the wet state, confirming a stable and safe slope, even in wet conditions. These findings highlight the effectiveness of geotextiles in enhancing slope stability and minimizing soil deformation, making them a crucial component in sustainable infrastructure development. Proper analysis of soil susceptibility to subsidence and the application of geotextiles as a reinforcement strategy can significantly reduce disaster risk and ensure the long-term stability of built infrastructure.