Attosecond-precision ultrafast photonics

Abstract

We review our recent progress toward attosecond-precision ultrafast photonics based on ultra-low timing jitter optical pulse trains from mode-locked lasers. In femtosecond mode-locked lasers, the concentration of a large number of photons in an extremely short pulse duration enables the scaling of timing jitter into the attosecond regime. To characterize such jitter levels, we developed new attosecond-resolution measurement techniques and show that standard fiber lasers can achieve sub-fs high-frequency jitter. By leveraging the ultra-low jitter of free-running mode-locked lasers, we pursued high-precision optical-optical and optical-microwave synchronization techniques. Optical signals spanning 1.5 octaves were synthe-sized by attosecond-precision timing and phase synchronization of two independent mode-locked lasers. High-stability microwave signals were also synthesized from mode-locked lasers with drift-free sub-10-fs precision. We further demonstratedthe attosecond-precision distribution of optical pulse trains toremote locations via timing-stabilized fiber links. Finally, the application of optical pulse trains for high-resolution sampling and analog-to-digital conversion is discussed. The ultra-low timing jitter of optical pulse trains from femtosec-ond mode-locked lasers can be used for the attosecond-precision generation, distribution, measurement, and synchronization of optical and microwave signals. © 2010 by WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co.KGaA, Weinheim.