Structural characterization and thermal behavior of a novel energetic material: 1-Amino-1-(2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazinyl)-2,2-dinitroethylene

Abstract

A novel energetic material, 1-amino-1-(2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazinyl)-2,2- dinitroethylene (APHDNE), was synthesized by the reaction of 1,1-diamino-2,2-dinitroethylene (FOX-7) and 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine in Nmethyl pyrrolidone (NMP) at 110 °C. The theoretical investigation on APHDNE was curried out by B3LYP/6-311+G* method. The IR frequencies analysis and NMR chemical shifts were performed and compared with the experimental results. The thermal behavior of APHDNE was studied by DSC and TG/DTG methods, and can be divided into two crystal phase transition processes and three exothermic decomposition processes. The enthalpy, apparent activation energy and pre-exponential factor of the first exothermic decomposition reaction were obtained as -525.3 kJ mol-1, 276.85 kJ mol-1 and 1026.22 s-1, respectively. The critical temperature of thermal explosion of APHDNE is 237.7 °C. The specific heat capacity of APHDNE was determined with micro-DSC method and theoretical calculation method, and the molar heat capacity is 363.67 J mol-1 K-1 at 298.15 K. The adiabatic time-to-explosion of APHDNE was also calculated to be a certain value between 253.2-309.4 s. APHDNE has higher thermal stability than FOX-7.