Connecting Caries to Cause: Unraveling the Impact of Socioeconomic and Demographic Factors on Early Childhood Caries

Abstract

Introduction Early childhood dental health plays a crucial role in a child's overall well-being and development. Maintaining healthy teeth is essential for optimal eating and speaking functions, while also contributing to a positive appearance that encourages social interactions. In recent years, significant attention has been given to examining the connection between childhood tooth decay, socioeconomic status, and various other influencing factors. Aim The study aimed to find out the association between early childhood caries and the socioeconomic status of the children. Methodology This study examined 260 children aged 3 to 6 years. After being diagnosed with early childhood caries, the children's parents completed a questionnaire. Demographic data were recorded, and dental assessments followed WHO guidelines. Socioeconomic status was evaluated using the Kuppuswamy and Udai Pareekh scales. Results The prevalence of early childhood caries (ECC) in the study population was 34.6% (n = 90), while 65.3% (n = 170) remained caries-free. ECC was more common among children from lower socioeconomic backgrounds (66.7%). Risk factors included on-demand breastfeeding, nighttime bottle feeding, and frequent snacking between meals. Conversely, early initiation of toothbrushing, higher brushing frequency, use of toothbrushes, and fluoridated toothpaste were identified as protective factors against ECC. Conclusion The study revealed a significant association between the identified risk factors and early childhood caries (ECC). These results emphasize the need to address socio-demographic and lifestyle influences as part of effective strategies for preventing and managing dental caries in children.