Heck and Sonogashira couplings in aqueous media – application to unprotected nucleosides and nucleotides

Abstract

Amongst all synthetic nucleosides having high potential biological activities, C5-modified pyrimidines and C7-deaza or C8-modified purines have been particularly studied. These main chemical modifications have been developed using palladium cross-coupling reactions. This review focus on both Heck and Sonogashira cross-coupling of nucleosides using different aspects of the twelve principles of green chemistry: use of aqueous medium and no protection/deprotection steps.