Diagnosis and survival analyses of patients with space-occupying cardiac lesions: a 10-year retrospective single-center study

Abstract

Background: Space-occupying cardiac lesions are uncommon but fatal. Echocardiography can identify diseases quickly in the clinic. This study reviews the clinical data of patients with space-occupying cardiac lesions in the past 10 years and analyzes their echocardiographic features, pathological diagnosis, and prognosis. Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of 412 patients admitted to Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing from 2011 to 2020. All patients were diagnosed with cardiac masses based on transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) and transesophageal echocardiography (TEE). We compared the diagnostic results of echocardiography and the postoperative pathological diagnosis and analyzed the characteristics of different types of space-occupying cardiac lesions. We also compared the mortality of patients with different types of space-occupying cardiac lesions through follow-up results of postoperative patients. Results: The 412 patients included 189 males and 223 females. Among them, 214 patients had benign tumors (including 176 patients with myxomas), 29 had primary malignant tumors, 32 had metastatic tumors, 41 had thrombi, 92 had infectious neoplasms, and 4 patients had special types of space-occupying lesions. A total of 376 lesions were correctly characterized by TTE, with an accuracy of 91.3%. Patients with benign tumors (9/214), thrombi (4/41), infectious neoplasms (5/92), or special types of space-occupying lesions (0/4) exhibited low rates of mortality or recurrence. In contrast, patients with primary malignant tumors (16/29) or metastatic tumors (16/32) exhibited high mortality rates. Conclusions: Echocardiography is a valuable tool for characterizing space-occupying cardiac lesions. It can provide important preoperative diagnostic information for cardiothoracic surgeons.