Tribological properties of high-entropy alloys under dry conditions for a wide temperature range—a review

Abstract

High-entropy alloys (HEAs) are composed of multiple elements with equimolar or near equimolar composition that have superior mechanical and tribological properties. In this article, we present a review on the tribological performance of HEAs. The tribological properties of different HEAs systems have been evaluated, and it has been found that the wear rate strongly depends on the crystal structure of the phases. The most common structures are face-centered cubic (FCC), body-centered cubic (BCC), and dual-phase (FCC + BCC) alloys due to the high entropy of mixing instead of forming intermetallic phases. In general, HEAs with a BCC structure showed superior hardness and wear properties compared to FCC and FCC + BCC alloys. The lesser wear rate of HEAs with a BCC structure is attributed to the reductions in ductility, resulting in strong but brittle alloys. In addition to the crystal structure, the effect of temperature on the tribological performance of the HEAs is also discussed, which highlights their potential applications for high temperatures. More-over, various other factors such as grain size, formation of an oxide layer, and wear mechanisms are discussed.