The Left Atrial Appendage and Atrial Fibrillation—A Contemporary Review

Abstract

In patients with atrial fibrillation, the left atrial appendage may serve as the site of thrombus formation due to stasis that occurs within the appendage because of its shape and trabeculations. Although thrombus formation can be reduced by using anticoagulants, this may be contraindicated in some patients. The need for a better alternative treatment prompted the study of left atrial appendage occlusion for thromboembolism prophylaxis. Due to this, procedures that excise or occlude the left atrial appendage have gained attention because of their ability to prevent thromboembolic events. This article provides a comprehensive review of the left atrial appendage and its associated procedures’ clinical utility.