Antioxidant Activity, Total Phenolic, Phytochemical Content, and HPLC Profile of Selected Mangrove Species from Tanjung Api-Api Port Area, South Sumatra, Indonesia

Abstract

The development of bioactive chemicals in response to mangroves self-defense mechanisms and environmental adaptation has led to an improvement in antioxidant capacity. This study aims to determine the antioxidant activity (DPPH method), total phenol, phytochemical content, and HPLC profile of some mangrove species. Samples were taken in the mangrove area around the port of Tanjung Api-Api in South Sumatra, Indonesia. Maceration and extraction of all samples was done using methanol as a solvent. Samples were tested for antioxidant against DPPH free radicals, total phenol with Folin-Ciocalteu method, preliminary phytochemical qualitatives, and and measuring antioxidant compounds with HPLC. Based on the results, the IC50 of antioxidants of all samples revealed that A. marina (171.16 g/mL) (low), B. gymnorrizha (105.09 g/mL) (moderate), and S. alba (28.064 g/mL) (very strong) had antioxidant activity. Furthermore, the phenolic content of A. marina is 9.0258 mg GAE/g, that of B. gymnorrhiza is 13.8222 mg GAE/g, and that of S. alba is 9.4969 mg GAE/g. A phytochemical test of A. marina revealed flavonoids, steroids, and saponins. B. gymnorrizha revealed alkaloids, terpenoids, steroids, and saponins. S. alba revealed flavonoids, terpenoids, steroids, saponins, and tannins. The HPLC profile of antioxidant activity using ascorbic acid showed that A. marina and S. alba were lower than the standards of 64.224 ppm and 67.640 ppm, while B. gymnorrizha was higher than the standard of 109.510 ppm. All three species of mangroves had potential to inhibit free radical reactions in the low, moderate, and very strong categories.