Effect of Annealing Heat Treatment on the Composition, Morphology, Structure and Mechanical Properties of the W-S-N Coatings

Abstract

Alloyed-transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) coatings have been under investigation as multi-environment lubricants for the past few decades. These coatings display very low coefficient of friction properties at elevated temperatures. Studies on the annealing of these low-friction coatings are missing in the literature. For the first time, in this study, the annealing of the W-S-N dry lubricant coatings was carried out to study its effects on the composition, morphology, crystal structure and hardness of the coatings. The W-S-N coatings were deposited by direct current (DC) reactive magnetron sputtering. The analysis was carried out for as-deposited, 200 °C and 400 °C annealed coatings. The as-deposited coatings have N content in the range of 0–25.5 at. %. The coatings are compact and the densification increased with the increase in N-alloying. All the coatings are crystalline except the highest N-alloyed coating which is X-ray amorphous. A maximum hardness of 8.0 GPa was measured for the coating alloyed with 23 at. % N. Annealing did not affect the composition and morphology of the coatings, while some variations were observed in their crystal structure and hardness. The maximum hardness increased from 8 GPa to 9.2 GPa after 400 °C annealing of the 23 at. % N-alloyed coating.