Implementation of Modified Whale Optimization Algorithm in Two-Degree-of-Freedom Fractional Order–Fuzzy-Proportional-Integral-Derivative Controller for Automatic Generation Control in a Multi-Area Interconnected Power System

Abstract

Any mismatch of power demand and power generation in an interconnected electrical power system causes deviances in tie-line power and frequencies. To overcome this issue, an automatic generation control system equipped with intelligent controllers is used in the power system. This study presents a maiden write-up on a two-degree-of-freedom fractional order–fuzzy-proportional-integral-derivative (2DOF-FO-FuzzyPID) controller employed in an interconnected system with different nonlinearities. The controller proposed along with conventional controllers has its gains optimally enumerated by the application of modified whale optimization algorithm (MWOA). Besides this, the potency of the MWOA algorithm over WOA algorithm is examined through some popular benchmark functions. The superior transient response yielded by 2DOF-FO-FuzzyPID controller over PID and fractional-order proportional-integral-derivative controllers of the proposed test system is evaluated. Further, the effectiveness of the projected controller is evaluated by taking the system’s nonlinearities and abrupt load perturbation, which acknowledges the robustness of the controller. In spite of these attributes, the stability and relative stability of the 2DOF-FO-FuzzyPID controller is determined in the frequency domain.