Prevalence of Voice Disorders in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Abstract

Purpose: Voice disorders significantly impair the ability to communicate effec-tively and reduce the quality of life in older adults; however, its prevalence has not been well established. The aim of our research was to investigate the preva-lence and associated factors of voice disorders among the older population. Method: Five medical databases were systematically searched for studies that reported the prevalence of voice disorders in older adults. The overall preva-lence was exhibited in proportions and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) utilizing random-effects models. Heterogeneity was measured using I2 statistics. Results: Of 930 articles screened, 13 fulfilled the eligibility criteria, including 10 studies in community-based settings and three in institutionalized settings. An overall prevalence of voice disorders in older adults was estimated to be 18.79% (95% CI [16.34, 21.37], I2 = 96%). Subgroup analysis showed a preva-lence of 33.03% (95% CI [26.85, 39.51], I2 = 35%) in institutionalized older adults, which was significantly higher than that in the community-based older adults with 15.2% (95% CI [12.65, 17.92], I2 = 92%). Some factors that influ-enced the reported prevalence were identified, including types of survey, the definition of voice disorders, sampling methods, and the mean age of the popu-lation among included studies. Conclusions: The prevalence of voice disorders in the older population depends on various factors but is relatively common in older adults. The find-ings of this study accentuate the necessity for researchers to standardize the protocol for reporting geriatric dysphonia as well as for older adults to express their voice-related problems so that they will receive appropriate diagnosis and treatment.