Sea surface temperature variability in the Makassar strait during ENSO (El ni o Southern Oscillation) from the Terra-MODIS data sets

Abstract

ENSO (El Ni o Southern Oscillation) is an anomaly phenomenon of ocean-atmosphere system in the Pacific Ocean. This phenomenon also affects the condition of SST (Sea Surface Temperature) in Indonesian seas, especially Makassar Strait. The condition of SST is influenced by water mass from the Pacific Ocean that flows into Makassar Strait Indonesian Throughflow (ITF). The purpose of this study is to analyse the relationship between the SST and ENSO phenomenon in Makassar Strait. Oceanic Ni o Index (ONI) used todeterminethe extreme ENSO events (El Ni o and La Ni a), and we compared the maximum and minimum value of SST between those events. The data used in this study is monthly average of SST level-3 from Tera-MODIS satellite and processed using software SeaDAS (version 7.3.2). During 17 years (2001 - 2017) there were 6 La Ni a Phenomenon and 4 El Ni o phenomenon. The result from this research indicates a relationship between SST and Enso Phenomenon, where the SST range in La Ni a condition is higher that El Ni o condition. The correlation value is 0.109. The monthly average of SST at La Ni a Condition in the Makassar Strait has a values between 29.66 C to 30.25 C, while SST in El Ni o condition is ranged from 29.91 C to - 30.23 C.