A consolidated conceptual framework of a smart e-government ecosystem: a scoping review

Abstract

The swift societal evolution, catalysed by the COVID-19 pandemic, has given rise to the emergence of a ‘super smart society 5.0’. The widespread integration of new information and communication technologies (NICTs), which has impacted various sectors, including government operations, has created opportunities for socio-economic development and the democratisation of data and services. The public sector’s response to this tech revolution has varied, progressing from cautious e-government 1.0 to more mature phases (2.0, 3.0). Nonetheless, a digital divide between developed and emerging nations endures. Addressing these challenges mandates efficient data governance, proactive digital leadership, and a comprehensive strategic vision. This paper presents a consolidated smart e-government 4.0 framework, synthesising existing research and best practices to facilitate successful digital transformation within the public sector. By tracing the evolution of e-government and examining the perspectives that shape it, the paper reviews key technologies reshaping public administrations. The proposed framework aims to go beyond the current structures, offering a comprehensive approach to bolstering e-government initiatives. It seeks to create a transparent, democratic, and performance-driven public sector, addressing the nuances and challenges of contemporary governance.