Responsible AI in Canadian Healthcare: Evaluation Frameworks, Challenges, and Policy Directions

Abstract

Artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming healthcare through advances in imaging, predictive analytics, and workflow optimization. However, its adoption raises concerns about fairness, transparency, accountability, and equity. Canada, with its strong AI ecosystem and publicly funded health system, is developing responsible AI (RAI) frameworks, yet gaps persist in governance and implementation. A scoping review was conducted, and the findings show Canada emphasizes coalition-building and workforce preparedness but lacks post-market monitoring, equity safeguards, and sustainable funding.