Effect of Attention on Negative Information, Lifestyle Behaviors, and Social Support on Cyberchondria: A Moderated Mediation Analysis

Abstract

Introduction: This study developed a moderate mediation model to investigate the associations among attention to negative information, lifestyle behavior, social support, and cyberchondria (CYB). Methods: A cross-sectional and web-based survey was conducted in May 2024, with participants recruited from the online panel of a survey company. Questionnaires assessing CYB severity, attention to negative information, health behavior, and social support were administered to participants (n = 1821; mean age = 33.2 ± 8.0 years; 48.7% of women). Structural equation modeling analysis using the maximum likelihood estimation method was used to assess the hypothesized model. Standardized (β) estimates, along with their 95% confidence intervals (CIs), were calculated for all structural paths. Results: Mediation analysis showed that the direct effect of attention to negative information on CYB levels was significant (β = 0.280, 95% CI: 0.242, 0.318). The indirect effect of attention to negative information on CYB, mediated by good lifestyle behavior, was also significant (β = -0.047, 95% CI: -0.061, -0.032). Social support demonstrated a significantly moderating effect with attention to negative information on lifestyle behavior (β =0.043, 95% CI: 0.001, 0.085). Conclusion: This study provides empirical evidence that focusing on negative health information significantly affects CYB. This focus can reinforce fears and concerns about illness through the Internet, leading to excessive worry and reassurance-seeking behaviors. Healthcare providers should prioritize interventions that promote healthy behaviors to reduce CYB.