Long-Term Cumulative High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein and Mortality Among Patients With Acute Heart Failure

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Elevated hsCRP (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein) level is associated with worse prognosis among patients hospitalized for heart failure. However, the prognostic value of the long-term cumulative hsCRP remains unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS: We consecutively enrolled patients hospitalized for heart failure and collected their hsCRP data at admission and 1 and 12 months after discharge. Long-term cumulative hsCRP was evaluated using 2 approaches, cumulative hsCRP level quartiles and cumulative times of high hsCRP levels. Patients were classified into 4 groups by cumulative hsCRP level quartiles and cumulative times of high hsCRP levels (0-to 3-times: number of times that hsCRP levels were higher than cutoff values at admission or 1 or 12 months), respectively. Multivariable Cox models were used to assess the association of mortality with cumulative hsCRP. A total of 1281 patients were included; the median age was 64 (interquartile range, 54–73) years, and 35.4% were women. Over a 4.8-year (interquartile range, 4.2–5.1) follow-up, 374 (29.2%) patients died. Elevated long-term cumulative hsCRP level was related to higher mortality. Specifically, taking the quartile 1 as the reference, the haz-ard ratios (HRs) were 1.29 (95% CI, 0.92–1.81) for quartile 2, 1.62 (95% CI, 1.16–2.25) for quartile 3, and 2.38 (95% CI, 1.75– 3.23) for quartile 4. Similarly, compared with the patients with 0-times (hsCRP level lower than the cutoff values in all 3 time points) of high hsCRP level, the HRs were 1.36 for 1-time (hsCRP level higher than the cutoff value in one of the 3 time points) (95% CI, 0.92–2.01), 1.95 for 2-times (hsCRP levels higher than the cutoff values in 2 of the 3 time points) (95% CI, 1.34–2.82), and 2.80 for 3-times (hsCRP levels higher than the cutoff values in the 3 time points) (95% CI, 1.97–4.00). CONCLUSIONS: Increasing long-term cumulative hsCRP level was associated with worse outcomes in patients hospitalized for acute heart failure. Repeated hsCRP measurements could assist physicians in identifying patients with a high risk of death.