Society Stigma and Self-Stigma Regarding HIV and AIDS: Literature Review

Abstract

Background: Stigma causes PLWHA to experience obstacles in the treatment and care process because people living with stigmatized health conditions often live in the same society, but remain isolated and confined in their own stigmatized experiences. stigma has two understanding points of view, namely community stigma and self-stigma. Community stigma against PLWHA occurs at various levels, starting from the family, the community, the institutional environment (education and work), and the mass media. Self-stigma is a consequence of stigmatized people applying stigma to themselves. Objective: This study aims to provide an overview of various cases of stigma against PLWHA from the community's point of view and self-stigma. Methods: The analysis in this paper is carried out through a literature review by examining written sources such as scientific journals, reference books, literature, encyclopedias, scientific articles, and other reliable sources either in written form or in relevant digital formats without downloading. immediately spacious. Result: Stigma against PLWHA occurs in almost all levels of society, namely family, peers, school or work environment and the mass media. Factors that cause stigma in society against PLWHA are the low level of education and public knowledge about HIV and AIDS in addition to the lack of socialization or counseling about HIV and AIDS, especially the modes of transmission and prevention so that people have the wrong opinion about PLWHA. Conclusion: This stigma reflects a deep social class bias. The disease is often associated with behavior and becomes a justification for social injustice.