Die Nutzung einheimischer Insekten (Hymenopteren und Dipteren) zur Bestäubung von Kulturpflanzen in der Genbank Gatersleben

Abstract

The methods for obtaining an optimal seed set by using suitable insects as pollinators of important vegetable crops in the genebank. Allium, Apium, Brassica, Daucus and Raphanus, are described. Small population size is characteristic for accessions maintained in the genebank. Different crop species are grown together in the isolation sites. Consequently, there are different flowering periods and the need for various pollinators. Problems exist concerning the availability and use of pollinators for those entomophilous crops. High pollination rates can be secured by using insects differing in pollination activity and flower preference, i.e. bees and flics. From the order Hymenoptera Apis mellifera (L.), Bombus spp., Psithyrus spp., the solitary bees Megachile rotundata (F.), Anthophora accrvorum (L.) and Osmia rufa (L.) were tested. The last species turned out to be the most effective pollinator. From the order of Diptera the family Calliphoridae, Calliphora, sp. and Lucilia sp., and the family Syrphidae with several species from the subfamily Eristalinae were included into the study. Rearing methods are described. Discontinuity in the rearing of several species guarantees a sufficient abundance of distinct pollinators, especially from June to August. In this way also damages caused by para- and episites can be minimized. © 1989 Akademie-Verlag.