The Effect of Liquid Density on Fluid Flow Velocity in Bernoulli's Principle

Abstract

This study aims to determine the effect of density on fluid flow velocity based on Bernoulli's principle and Torricelli's law. Density was varied by adding cornstarch to water with different concentrations, namely 0 kg, 0.03 kg, 0.06 kg, 0.09 kg, 0.12 kg, and 0.15 kg, at a fixed solution volume (1.5 liters). The experimental method used was a tool in the form of a perforated bottle placed at a fixed height, then the horizontal distance (x) of the first flow of the liquid was measured to calculate the velocity using the parabolic motion formula. Density was calculated from the ratio of mass to volume (ρ=). The results showed that the higher the cornstarch content, the fluid density increased, while the flow distance and velocity tended to decrease. The increase in density was caused by the increase in solid particles in the solution which caused the flow to become slower because the driving force did not change. These findings indicate that density has a significant influence on fluid flow velocity, so it can be concluded that the greater the density of a fluid, the lower the flow velocity. This research supports the understanding that physical factors such as density need to be considered in real flow systems, both in education and engineering applications.